System Architecture

Architecture Overview

FleetTrack follows a client-server architecture where students' mobile devices provide GPS data, the backend processes the data, and WebSocket delivers real-time bus locations to connected users.

Student Mobile
      │
      │ GPS Location
      ▼
 FleetTrack App
      │
      │ HTTP / WebSocket
      ▼
 Backend Server
      │
      ├──────────────► Database
      │                  │
      │                  ├── Students
      │                  ├── Buses
      │                  ├── Routes
      │                  ├── Stops
      │                  └── Seats
      │
      │ WebSocket
      ▼
 Connected Students
      │
      ▼
 Real-Time Bus Location
      │
      ▼
    Map UI

Frontend

The frontend provides the interface through which students interact with FleetTrack.

• Provides the student interface.
• Collects GPS location from participating devices.
• Displays buses and routes on an interactive map.
• Shows real-time bus locations and upcoming stops.
• Displays bus charts and seat information. Backend

The backend handles the application's business logic and communication between clients and the database.

• Handles API requests from the frontend.
• Receives and processes GPS location data.
• Manages buses, routes, stops, seats, and daily allocations.
• Determines the most reliable bus location from available GPS data.
• Sends real-time updates using WebSocket. Database

The database stores the information required by FleetTrack.

• Student information
• Bus information
• Routes
• Bus stops
• Seat allocations
• Daily bus assignments
• Tracking information
• GPS Tracking

FleetTrack uses the GPS sensors available on students' smartphones instead of dedicated GPS hardware.

• Uses GPS sensors available on students' smartphones.
• Participating students travelling on a bus provide location data.
• Location data is periodically sent to the backend.
• Multiple student devices can provide location data for the same bus.
• No dedicated GPS hardware is required on buses. WebSocket Flow

WebSocket is used to provide real-time bus location updates to connected students.

Student Device
      │
      │ GPS Update
      ▼
 Backend Server
      │
      │ WebSocket Broadcast
      ├──────────► Student A
      ├──────────► Student B
      └──────────► Student C
                       │
                       ▼
                   Live Map

WebSocket Process

• Student devices send GPS updates to the backend.
• The backend processes the received location data.
• The latest bus location is broadcast using WebSocket.
• Connected students receive the update in real time.
• The frontend updates the bus position on the map.

Technology Stack

Component	Technology
Frontend	React / React Native
Backend	Node.js + Express.js + Graphql
Real-Time Communication	WebSocket / Socket.IO
Database	MongoDB + ORM, Redis,BullMQ
Location Tracking	Smartphone GPS
Maps	openStreetMap/LeafLet/GoogleMap